Educational Articles
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Bee stings and bites from spiders, fleas, and ticks are the most common causes of insect bite reactions in pets. Insect bites can cause mild to severe allergic reactions in many dogs. Fortunately, most reactions are minor and have an excellent prognosis for recovery. Treatment typically involves antihistamines and anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Interdigital cysts are a painful condition of swellings between the toes. They are commonly allergic in origin; however, many cases can be multifactorial. Diagnostic testing and treatments are recommended. Prognosis is generally good if the underlying disease can be well managed.
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An intussusception is a condition where part of the intestine slides into another part of the gastrointestinal tract. It causes signs similar to intestinal obstruction, including poor appetite and vomiting. Some cases can be life-threatening. Although some non-surgical techniques may correct the problem, most cases require surgery and intensive care for a good outcome.
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A joint luxation is a dislocation or complete separation between the bones that normally move back and forth to form a joint. Subluxation is the term referring to a partial separation of the joint. The most commonly subluxated joints in dogs include the hip and elbow, although any joint can be affected. Your veterinarian may suspect a joint subluxation based on a history of trauma and physical examination findings such as pain and limping. A radiograph is necessary to definitively diagnose a joint subluxation. In many cases, the joint can be reduced or replaced to its original orientation by a procedure called a closed reduction, with a good prognosis if treated immediately. Surgical correction, however, may be needed.
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This handout outlines the use of disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) in dogs, specifically the use of polysulfated glycosaminoglycans (PSGAGs). The rationale for their use, and their dosing regimen are explained.
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This handout explains juvenile cellulitis (also called Puppy Strangles) in puppies. Characterized by a sudden swelling of the face and muzzle, it can be confused with an allergic reaction or skin infection. The clinical signs are discussed, as well as diagnostic and treatment recommendations to resolve the condition should it occur.
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Juvenile hyperparathyroidism is a rare, inherited condition of German shepherds and leads to a constant state of elevated parathyroid hormone, affecting calcium and phosphorus balance within the body. It is an inherited, autosomal recessive trait that causes stunted growth. One to three of the parathyroid glands are removed to bring the calcium levels into a more normal range.
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Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is also commonly referred to as dry eye. It is a common eye condition resulting from inadequate production of the watery portion of the tear film by the lacrimal gland or the third eyelid gland. Dogs with KCS have painful, red eyes with a thick yellow discharge. They may have secondary infections or corneal ulcers. Chronic cases have scarring on the cornea, impairing vision. The prognosis for dogs diagnosed with KCS is good with long-term treatment and diligent monitoring.
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The lacrimal duct is part of the nasolacrimal system, a series of narrow tubes that allow tears to drain from the eye into the nose and mouth. This duct can sometimes become blocked or fail to develop properly, resulting in tears overflowing and potentially staining the face below the eye. The clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment options for the condition are explained in this handout.
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Lameness is an inability to properly use one or more limbs due to pain or weakness. The most common causes of sudden lameness in dogs are soft tissue injury (strain or sprain), injury to a joint, bone fracture, or dislocation. Your veterinarian will determine the best course of action based on your pet's condition, a detailed examination, and the results of diagnostic tests. Definitive diagnosis of the cause can be difficult. In some cases, a trial with anti-inflammatory medications and rest may be necessary.