Educational Articles
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Chlorhexidine + ketoconazole topical is used to treat superficial skin infections or overgrowth in dogs and cats. When given as directed, side effects are rarely noted, but could include skin irritation. If you suspect an overdose or accidental ingestion, call your veterinary office immediately.
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Chlorhexidine topical (brand names Chlorhex®, Novalsan®, ChlorhexiDerm®) is an antiseptic used to treat skin infections. It is used to treat surface bacterial and/or fungal skin infections in cats and dogs. This medication may be part of a combination product that includes other medications. Chlorhexidine topical comes in shampoo, liquid, ointment, and wipe form.
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Chlorothiazide/hydrochlorothiazide is given by mouth or injection and is used off label to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, high blood pressure, fluid retention, and certain electrolyte imbalances. Give as directed by your veterinarian. Common side effects include electrolyte imbalances, increased need to urinate, vomiting, or diarrhea. Do not use in pets that are allergic to them or sulfa drugs, in lactating pets, or in pets that are not able to make urine. If a negative reaction occurs, please call your veterinary office.
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Chlorpheniramine maleate is given by mouth and is used off label to treat allergic conditions or as a mild sedative. Common side effects include sleepiness, although other side effects are possible. Do not use in pets that are allergic to it or other similar antihistamines, or pets that are undergoing allergy testing within 2 weeks. If a negative reaction occurs, please call your veterinary office.
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Chlorpromazine is given by mouth or injection and is used off label as a sedative and to treat vomiting. Common side effects include tiredness, low blood pressure, low heart rate, or a tendency to react or startle to noises. Chlorpromazine should not be used in pets that are allergic to it or in pets with low blood pressure. If a negative reaction occurs, please call your veterinary office.
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Chocolate is toxic to dogs. While rarely fatal, chocolate ingestion often results in significant illness. Chocolate is toxic because it contains the alkaloid theobromine. Theobromine is like caffeine and is used medicinally as a diuretic, heart stimulant, blood vessel dilator, and muscle relaxant.
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Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) has become increasingly more common as a residential rodenticide. While it may seem like a safer option than anticoagulants, there is no antidote available and the amount in a single block is a severe overdose in nearly all animals. This handout discusses clinical signs, treatments, and prognosis for cholecalciferol poisoning in pets.
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Choline is a vitamin supplement given by mouth and is used over the counter to treat neurological conditions such as seizures or cognitive dysfunction. Give as directed by your veterinarian. Side effects are uncommon but may include hyperactivity. Do not use in pets that are allergic to it. If a negative reaction occurs, please call your veterinary office.
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Chondrosarcomas arise from cartilage, which is a connective tissue primarily found where bones meet with joints, as well as at other locations in the body such as the nasal cavity, and ribs. Chondrosarcoma is the second-most common primary bone tumor in dogs. Canine chondrosarcoma most commonly affects the flat bones of the body, such as the ribs, skull, nasal cavity, and pelvis, although the limbs can also be affected. Aggressive surgical removal is typically recommended, although radiation therapy may also be used, depending on location of tumor. Metastasis may occur but is relatively uncommon.
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Veterinarians generally agree that there is no single best food for all dogs or all cats. Our pets are individuals: some will prefer dry kibble, while others will prefer wet or canned food. Pet owners may also have preferences related to cost, convenience of shopping, and how a particular pet food manufacturer conducts their business. This handout briefly outlines key aspects of selecting the most appropriate food and water for your dog or cat.